A sponge-like layer of loose connective tissue forms a subaponeurotic compartment that enables free movement of the top three scalp layers across the pericranium. The frontalis muscle is instrumental in movements of the eyebrows and forehead and is an important muscle of facial expression are innervated by the facial nerve, cranial nerve (CN) VII. The galea continues into the temples, investing the auricular muscles, and terminates by attaching to the mastoid processes and the zygomatic arch. This fascia is specialized to form a tendinous epicranial aponeurosis known as the galea aponeurotica. The superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the scalp consists of the occipitofrontalis muscle and its investing fascia. The tissue between the skin and the aponeurotic layers is composed of dense collagenous connective tissue and contains the arteries, veins and nerves supplying the scalp. The skin of the scalp contains sweat and sebaceous glands and usually numerous hair follicles.
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